![]() The biocoal was produced using a top-lit, updraft reactor with a peak temperature of 550 ☌ and fixed air flowrate of 4.63 L/min. This study is aimed at investigating the pyrolysis of oil palm trunk (OPT) into biocoal and its suitability for solid fuel applications in terms of slagging and fouling tendencies, bulk density, proximate and ultimate analysis, higher heating value, energy densification ratio, and mass and energy yield. Pyrolysis is one of the pre-treatment methods to improve biomass properties particularly its energy density. However, direct application of raw biomass faces problems such as high moisture content, low heating value, and poor grindability. Mankind’s quest to reduce its dependency on fossil fuel involves biomass as a promising alternative. Finally, the paper proffers solutions to help utility companies explore biomass co-firing as a transitional option towards a completely carbon-free power sector in North America. This paper shows the results of our studies of the biomass resources available in North America that can be used in coal-fired boilers, their availability and transportation to the power plant, available co-firing levels and technologies, and various technological and environmental issues associated with biomass co-firing. It also explores the benefits, such as the reduction of GHG emissions and its implications. This review takes a detailed look at several aspects of biomass co-firing with a direct focus on North America. ![]() There are several successful co-firing projects in many parts of the world, particularly in Europe and North America.However,despite remarkable commercial success in Europe, most of the biomass co-firing in North America is limited to demonstration levels. Biomass is used as a supplemental fuel to substitute for up to 10% of the base fuel in most full commercial operations. ![]() For the past decade, various forms of biomass fuels have been co-combusted in existing coal-fired boilers and gas-fired power plants. Biomass is carbon neutral and is usually low in both nitrogen and sulfur. Biomass fuels have long been accepted as useful renewable energy sources, especially in mitigating greenhouse gases (GHG), nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxide emissions. ![]()
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